✅ SQL Date & Time Functions ✅

 ✅ SQL Date & Time Functions ✅

1. Why Date Functions Matter?  

Almost every real-world database contains dates 👇  

• ✔️ Orders  
• ✔️ Employee joining dates  
• ✔️ Transactions  
• ✔️ Login activity  

SQL date functions help analyze time-based data 💯  

⚡ 2. Common Date Functions  

Function : Purpose  

NOW() : Current date & time  

CURDATE() : Current date  

CURTIME() : Current time  

YEAR() : Extract year  

MONTH() : Extract month  

DAY() : Extract day  

DATEDIFF() : Difference between dates  

DATE_FORMAT() : Format dates    

🔥 3. NOW(), CURDATE(), CURTIME()

SELECT NOW();

Output : ✔️ Current date + time

SELECT CURDATE();

Output : ✔️ Current date only

SELECT CURTIME();

Output : ✔️ Current time only  

🔥 4. YEAR(), MONTH(), DAY()

SELECT YEAR(joining_date) FROM employees;

SELECT MONTH(joining_date) FROM employees;

SELECT DAY(joining_date) FROM employees;

🔥 5. DATEDIFF()  

👉 Find difference between dates

SELECT DATEDIFF('2026-06-10', '2026-06-01');

✔️ Result → 9 days  

🔥 6. DATE_FORMAT()  

👉 Format dates professionally

SELECT DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%d-%m-%Y');

✔️ Example Output → 06-06-2026  

🎯 7. Real Example  

👉 Employees joined in 2025

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE YEAR(joining_date) = 2025;

🎯 8. Practice Tasks  

1. Show current date  

2. Show current time  

3. Extract joining year from employee table  

4. Find employees joined in specific month  

5. Calculate days between two dates  

⚡ Mini Challenge 🔥  

👉 Find employees who joined in the last 30 days    

✅ Solution Using DATEDIFF()

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE DATEDIFF(CURDATE(), joining_date) <= 30;

✅ Alternative Solution Using DATE_SUB()

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE joining_date >= DATE_SUB(CURDATE(), INTERVAL 30 DAY);

🔥 Pro Tip

Date functions are heavily used in:  

👉 Sales reports  

👉 Monthly dashboards  

👉 Retention analysis  

👉 Time-series analytics 💯